Scenarios

An entity provides a designated service under the AML/CTF Act (e.g. account opening, remittance, gambling, digital-currency exchange) and is therefore a reporting entity. It must enrol with AUSTRAC, implement an AML/CTF programme, conduct applicable customer due diligence (Part 2), and lodge SMRs (suspicious matter reports) and IFTIs (international funds transfer instructions).

An Australian person or entity proposes to export goods, transfer funds, or provide services to a counterparty in a jurisdiction subject to Australian autonomous sanctions (e.g. Russia, Iran, DPRK, Myanmar — DFAT list current). The transaction may require a DFAT permit or may be absolutely prohibited under the Autonomous Sanctions Act 2011 and Regulations 2011.

Tranche-2 amendments to the AML/CTF Act expand the 'designated services' list to capture specified professional services — trust and company services by lawyers / accountants, real-estate transactions, conveyancing, and dealer services in precious metals / stones. Captured professions must enrol with AUSTRAC and implement AML/CTF programmes on the commencement-date roll-out.

An ASX-listed entity receives information that a reasonable person would expect to materially affect the price or value of its securities. ASX Listing Rule 3.1 requires immediate disclosure (subject to 3.1A exceptions), backed by Corporations Act s 674 (statutory continuous disclosure) and s 180-181 director duties. For mining/exploration companies, JORC 2012 sign-off rules apply via LR 5.6.

An ASX-listed entity with critical-minerals or critical-technology exposure experiences a foreign-person acquisition event (placement, SPP, takeover). Compounds FIRB critical-technologies notification, ASX LR 3.1 continuous disclosure, and — if classified Defence work is part of the business — DISP flow-down and NSLA EFI insider-risk obligations.

Long-term offtake between an AU producer and a US buyer — typically for rare earths, lithium, cobalt or antimony. AU side: FIRB critical-technology review if the buyer takes equity. US side: IRA Section 45X production tax credit / Section 30D critical-mineral sourcing rules. Both sides: AUKUS Critical Minerals Cooperation Framework + Quad CM Partnership.

Australian critical-minerals exporter (rare earths, antimony, lithium, cobalt, graphite) shipping concentrate or refined product outside Australia. Safeguards Act applies to monazite and rare-earth concentrates containing source-material isotopes. ASX LR 3.1 + JORC 2012 govern continuous disclosure if the exporter is ASX-listed. Autonomous Sanctions restrict destination/end-user.

A US operator permitting critical-mineral extraction on US federal (BLM-managed) land. Triggers NEPA environmental review, BLM 43 CFR 3809 surface-management rules, and — if DoD Title III or IRA funding is involved — federal procurement and Buy American linkages.

An Australian-registered entity is supplying DSGL-listed defence or dual-use technology to a US counterparty. Triggers DTCA 2012 (permit), Customs Act 1901 s 112 (prohibited-exports), WMD Act 1995 (catch-all), and — depending on the AUKUS-exemption status of the specific item — either a full DTCA permit or the 22 CFR 126.7 / DTCA Amendment Act 2024 reciprocal path.

General AU defence/dual-use export. Applies the DTCA + Customs Act + DSGL + WMD Act stack with no AUKUS exemption path. Autonomous Sanctions regime activates only when the destination country or end-user is designated.

A US Department of Defense prime contractor procuring a defence good whose bill-of-materials includes AUKUS-priority critical minerals. DFARS 252.225-7052 restricts sourcing; ITAR applies to the end-item; AUKUS Pillar 2 creates a reciprocal exemption pathway for AU/UK-origin content.

Any foreign-person acquisition in an Australian business classified as a national-security business or on the critical-technologies list triggers mandatory FIRB notification under FATA 1975 s 55B, irrespective of transaction value. NSLA EFI obligations apply where the foreign principal engages in covert or deceptive conduct. DISP flow-down clauses may apply to the merged entity.

When a high-potential incident (HPI) or serious accident occurs at a Queensland coal mine, the SSE must immediately notify the inspector and provide a written report. CMSHA 1999 s 198 defines HPI; s 201 sets the notification obligation. Fatalities additionally engage the QLD industrial manslaughter offence in the WHS Act.

A Queensland coal mine operator must appoint the statutory roles required under the Coal Mining Safety and Health Act 1999 — Site Senior Executive (SSE), Underground Mine Manager (USM), Ventilation Officer (VO), and Open-Cut Examiner (OCE) where relevant — with Board-of-Examiners-issued certificates of competency. CMSH Regulation 2017 specifies the competency framework; the MQSHA 1999 provides the parallel scheme for non-coal mines.

Non-coal mining (metalliferous / mineral mines, quarries) in Queensland falls under the Mining and Quarrying Safety and Health Act 1999. Parallel to the CMSHA 1999, MQSHA imposes statutory role, risk-management plan, and incident-notification duties on operators, site senior executives, and workers.

Mineral exploration and mining in Queensland require tenure under the Mineral Resources Act 1989 — an Exploration Permit (EPM), Mineral Development Licence (MDL), or Mining Lease (ML). Grant and renewal trigger landholder notice, native title processes, and financial assurance obligations. Tenure conditions stack on top of the EP Act 1994 Environmental Authority.

Resource-extraction activities in Queensland are an environmentally relevant activity (ERA) and require an Environmental Authority under the EP Act 1994. Conditions on the EA address air, water, waste, rehabilitation, and financial provisioning. Non-compliance engages the general environmental duty (s 319) and serious-harm offences (s 493A).

An accredited CDR data holder in banking, energy, or telecommunications must comply with the CDR regime under the Competition and Consumer Act 1974 (Cth) Part IVD and the CDR Rules — including consumer consent, data sharing, security standards, and the CDR privacy safeguards that parallel but do not replace the Privacy Act APPs.

An APP entity proposes to disclose personal information about an individual to an overseas recipient. APP 8 requires the entity to take reasonable steps to ensure the recipient does not breach the APPs in relation to the information, or rely on a listed exception (s 16C cross-border accountability).

An APP entity collects, uses, or discloses 'sensitive information' as defined in s 6 of the Privacy Act — health information, biometric templates, racial or ethnic origin, political or religious beliefs, sexual orientation, trade-union membership, or criminal record. Sensitive information has stricter consent and purpose limitations under APPs 3, 6, and 7 than ordinary personal information.

An APP entity has suffered an eligible data breach — unauthorised access, disclosure, or loss of personal information likely to result in serious harm. The entity must notify the affected individuals and the OAIC as soon as practicable under the Notifiable Data Breaches scheme.

Relevant entities under the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013 (PGPA Act) must conduct procurement per the Commonwealth Procurement Rules. Value thresholds drive process: open tender above $80k for non-corporate entities (goods / services non-construction), with Div 1 principles (value for money, non-discrimination, transparency) applying to all procurements.

A Queensland government agency (or supplier handling public-sector data) must classify data per the Information Security Classification Framework (ISMF) maintained by the Public Safety Business Agency / QGCDG. Classification drives handling, storage, and encryption controls for OFFICIAL, SENSITIVE, and PROTECTED categories.

A Queensland government agency is contracting for ICT goods or services. QITC (Queensland Information Technology Contracting) Framework applies — the standard General Contract Conditions, Module Orders, and Schedules govern the engagement, with value- and risk-based tiering into Bespoke, Comprehensive, and SME modules.

A Queensland government agency (or contracted supplier) deploying an AI system in a public-sector context must comply with the Queensland Government AI Governance Policy and Responsible Use of AI Framework — including risk assessment, human oversight, explainability, and alignment with the ISMF classification.

An Australian property developer assessing a parcel in Logan City within the Transit-Oriented Development catchment of a Faster Rail station. The Logan Planning Scheme TOD overlay applies, the Transport Infrastructure Act 1994 governs the rail corridor, and the Faster Rail program informs station construction phasing. Catchment membership is a deterministic derived fact based on distance from station coordinates.

An Australian property developer assessing a parcel inside a Priority Development Area (PDA) declared under the Economic Development Act 2012 (Qld). PDAs are administered by Economic Development Queensland and have their own development scheme that displaces parts of the Planning Act 2016 framework.

An Australian developer / proponent whose project has been declared a Coordinated Project under the State Development and Public Works Organisation Act 1971 (Qld). Triggers the Coordinator-General's whole-of-government assessment process and may displace local planning scheme assessment manager responsibilities.

An Australian property developer assessing a parcel in South East Queensland for residential / mixed-use development. The parcel is subject to the Planning Act 2016 (Qld) regulatory regime, the ShapingSEQ regional plan, the State Planning Policy, the State Development Assessment Provisions, and the relevant local planning scheme. Building work triggers the Building Act 1975. Strike-price and acquisition models reference the Land Valuation Act 2010 statutory valuations.

A US exporter is transferring a defence article or technical data to an Australian authorised user under the AUKUS reciprocal defence-trade pathway — 22 CFR 126.7 (US side) combined with the DTCA Amendment Act 2024 (AU side). The pathway creates a licence-free channel for qualifying transfers between AUKUS partners but imposes strict end-user, end-use, and record-keeping conditions.

A US-origin dual-use item controlled under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR, 15 CFR 730-774) has been imported into Australia. The Australian holder proposes to re-export it to a third country. The de minimis rule, incorporated rules, and licence requirements under 15 CFR 734 / 736 / 744 still apply — BIS jurisdiction follows the item.

A US-origin defence article or technical data controlled on the US Munitions List (USML) is being imported into Australia (or provided to an Australian person). The US exporter needs an ITAR licence or a listed exemption (e.g. AUKUS reciprocal under 22 CFR 126.7); the Australian recipient must manage re-transfer / re-export restrictions imposed by the ITAR licence conditions.

A Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU) must identify and control psychosocial hazards at work — high job demands, low job control, poor support, workplace violence, bullying, harassment — under the primary duty of care in the model WHS Act 2011 s 19 and the specific psychosocial hazards regulation. The Code of Practice: Managing Psychosocial Hazards at Work is admissible as evidence of what is reasonably practicable.

Where multiple PCBUs share a workplace (principal contractor, subcontractors, labour hire, visiting specialists), each has a concurrent primary duty of care to workers. The model WHS Act s 16 requires duty holders to consult, co-operate, and co-ordinate activities so far as reasonably practicable — a duty regulators prosecute aggressively after incidents on multi-employer sites.

A worker has died in the course of carrying out work for a PCBU in Queensland. The WHS (Industrial Manslaughter) Amendment Act 2017 creates an indictable offence for a PCBU or senior officer whose negligent conduct causes the death. Maximum penalty is 20 years' imprisonment for individuals or $15m for bodies corporate. CMSHA 1999 s 34 carves out coal mines into the parallel CMSHA regime.